Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Chilblains/pathology , Chilblains/virology , Coronavirus Infections/pathology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Pneumonia, Viral/pathology , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Fingers/blood supply , Fingers/virology , Humans , Pandemics , Patient Education as Topic , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Quarantine , SARS-CoV-2 , Toes/blood supply , Toes/virologySubject(s)
COVID-19 , Chilblains , Biopsy , Chilblains/epidemiology , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent physical distancing recommendations created major gaps in traditional dermatologic undergraduate and postgraduate medical education delivery. Nevertheless, the educational consequences of various public health restrictions have indirectly set aside the inertia, resistance, and risk averse approach to pedagogical change in medicine. In Canada, rapid collaboration and innovation in dermatologic education has led to novel programs including the implementation of a range of internet-facilitated group learning activities and a dramatic expansion of digital telehealth and virtual care. Going forward, three key issues arising from these developments will need to be addressed: the ongoing assessment of these innovations for efficacy; sustaining the momentum and creativity that has been achieved; and, determining which of these activities are worth maintaining when traditional "tried and true" learning activities can be resumed.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Clinical Clerkship/methods , Dermatology/education , Internship and Residency/methods , Canada , Humans , Internet , SARS-CoV-2 , Students, Medical , Teaching , TelemedicineABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) chilblains is a well-reported cutaneous pattern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Through this narrative review, we provide an evidence-based overview of idiopathic and secondary chilblains, distinguishing features of COVID-19 chilblains, and a systematic clinical approach to history, examination, investigations, and treatment. In the absence of cold or damp exposure, COVID-19 should be considered as a cause of acute chilblains. The timing of onset of COVID-19 chilblains relative to active SARS-CoV-2 viremia remains unclear. Patients with suspected COVID-19 chilblains should thus follow public health guidelines for COVID-19 testing and self-isolation.